SMART: AlaDh_PNT_C domain annotation

AlaDh_PNT_C Alanine dehydrogenase/PNT, C-terminal domain

SMART accession number:	SM01002
Description:	Alanine dehydrogenase catalyzes the NAD-dependent reversible reductive amination of pyruvate into alanine.
Interpro abstract (IPR007698):	Alanine dehydrogenase catalyses the NAD-dependent reversible reductive amination of pyruvate into alanine. Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase catalyses the reduction of NADP ⁺ to NADPH with the concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD ⁺ . This enzyme is located in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes and in the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotes. The transhydrogenation between NADH and NADP is coupled with the translocation of a proton across the membrane. In prokaryotes the enzyme is composed of two different subunits, an alpha chain (gene pntA) and a beta chain (gene pntB), while in eukaryotes it is a single chain protein. The sequence of alanine dehydrogenase from several bacterial species is related with that of the alpha subunit of bacterial pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase and the N-terminal half of the eukaryotic enzyme. The two most conserved regions correspond respectively to the N-terminal domain of these proteins, and to a central glycine-rich region which is part of the NAD(H)-binding site [ (PUBMED:8439307) ]. This entry represents a domain found in alanine dehydrogenase and pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, containing the glycine-rich region. This domain is also found in lysine 2-oxoglutarate reductases [ (PUBMED:11354603) ].
Family alignment:	View or

There are 28178 AlaDh_PNT_C domains in 28174 proteins in SMART's nrdb database.

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Evolution (species in which this domain is found)
Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing AlaDh_PNT_C domain.
This tree includes only several representative species. The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with AlaDh_PNT_C domain is also avaliable.

Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing AlaDh_PNT_C domain in the selected taxonomic class.
Cellular role (predicted cellular role)
Cellular role: metabolism
Literature (relevant references for this domain)
Primary literature is listed below; Automatically-derived, secondary literature is also avaliable.
- Azevedo RA, Lea PJ
- Lysine metabolism in higher plants.
- Amino Acids. 2001; 20: 261-79
- Display abstract
- The essential amino acid lysine is synthesised in higher plants via apathway starting with aspartate, that also leads to the formation ofthreonine, methionine and isoleucine. Enzyme kinetic studies and theanalysis of mutants and transgenic plants that overaccumulate lysine, haveindicated that the major site of the regulation of lysine synthesis is atthe enzyme dihydrodipicolinate synthase. Despite this tight regulation,there is strong evidence that lysine is also subject to catabolism inplants, specifically in the seed. The two enzymes involved in lysinebreakdown, lysine 2-oxoglutarate reductase (also known as lysinea-ketoglutarate reductase) and saccharopine dehydrogenase exist as asingle bifunctional protein, with the former activity being regulated bylysine availability, calcium and phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation.
Structure (3D structures containing this domain)

3D Structures of AlaDh_PNT_C domains in PDB

PDB code	Main view	Title
1f8g		THE X-RAY STRUCTURE OF NICOTINAMIDE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSHYDROGENASE FROM RHODOSPIRILLUM RUBRUM COMPLEXED WITH NAD+
1hzz		THE ASYMMETRIC COMPLEX OF THE TWO NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING COMPONENTS (DI, DIII) OF PROTON-TRANSLOCATING TRANSHYDROGENASE
1l7d		Crystal Structure of R. rubrum Transhydrogenase Domain I without Bound NAD(H)
1l7e		Crystal Structure of R. rubrum Transhydrogenase Domain I with Bound NADH
1nm5		R. rubrum transhydrogenase (dI.Q132N)2(dIII)1 asymmetric complex
1pjb		L-ALANINE DEHYDROGENASE
1pjc		L-ALANINE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEXED WITH NAD
1ptj		Crystal structure analysis of the DI and DIII complex of transhydrogenase with a thio-nicotinamide nucleotide analogue
1say		L-ALANINE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEXED WITH PYRUVATE
1u28		R. rubrum transhydrogenase asymmetric complex (dI.NAD+)2(dIII.NADP+)1
1u2d		Structre of transhydrogenaes (dI.NADH)2(dIII.NADPH)1 asymmetric complex
1u2g		transhydrogenase (dI.ADPr)2(dIII.NADPH)1 asymmetric complex
1x13		Crystal structure of E. coli transhydrogenase domain I
1x14		Crystal structure of E. coli transhydrogenase domain I with bound NAD
1x15		Crystal structure of E. coli transhydrogenase domain I with bound NADH
1xlt		Crystal structure of Transhydrogenase [(domain I)2:domain III] heterotrimer complex
2bru		Complex of the domain I and domain III of Escherichia coli transhydrogenase
2eez		Crystal structure of alanine dehydrogenase from themus thermophilus
2fr8		Structure of transhydrogenase (dI.R127A.NAD+)2(dIII.NADP+)1 asymmetric complex
2frd		Structure of Transhydrogenase (dI.S138A.NADH)2(dIII.NADPH)1 asymmetric complex
2fsv		Structure of transhydrogenase (dI.D135N.NAD+)2(dIII.E155W.NADP+)1 asymmetric complex
2oo5		Structure of transhydrogenase (dI.H2NADH)2(dIII.NADP+)1 asymmetric complex
2oor		Structure of transhydrogenase (dI.NAD+)2(dIII.H2NADPH)1 asymmetric complex
2q99		Crystal Structure of Saccharopine Dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2qrj		Crystal Structure of Sulfate-bound Saccharopine Dehydrogenase (L-Lys Forming) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2qrk		Crystal Structure of AMP-bound Saccharopine Dehydrogenase (L-Lys Forming) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2qrl		Crystal Structure of Oxalylglycine-bound Saccharopine Dehydrogenase (L-Lys Forming) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2vhv		Ald D270N mutant
2vhw		apo holo hybrid Ald
2vhx		Ald ternary complex
2vhy		apo Ald
2vhz		holo Ald
2voe		Crystal structure of Rv2780 from M. tuberculosis H37Rv
2voj		Ternary complex of M. tuberculosis Rv2780 with NAD and pyruvate
3p2y		Crystal structure of alanine dehydrogenase/pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase from Mycobacterium smegmatis
3ugk		Crystal Structure of C205S mutant and Saccharopine Dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
3uh1		Crystal Structure of Saccharopine Dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with bound saccharopine and NADH
3uha		Crystal Structure of Saccharopine Dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cervisiae complexed with NAD.
4dio		The crystal structure of transhydrogenase from Sinorhizobium meliloti
4izh		Crystal Structure of the Alpha1 dimer of Thermus thermophilus Transhydrogenase in P6
4izi		Crystal Structure of the Alpha1 dimer of Thermus thermophilus Transhydrogenase in P4(3)
4j16		Crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus transhydrogenase heterotrimeric complex of the Alpha1 subunit dimer with the NADP binding domain (domain III) of the Beta subunit
4j1t		Crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus transhydrogenase heterotrimeric complex of the Alpha1 subunit dimer with the NADP binding domain (domain III) of the Beta subunit in P2(1)
4lmp		Mycobacterium tuberculosis L-alanine dehydrogenase x-ray structure in complex with N6-methyl adenosine
4o9u		4O9U

Links (links to other resources describing this domain)
INTERPRO IPR007698
PFAM AlaDh_PNT_C

INTERPRO	IPR007698
PFAM	AlaDh_PNT_C

AlaDh_PNT_C

Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing AlaDh_PNT_C domain.

3D Structures of AlaDh_PNT_C domains in PDB