Letunic et al. (2017) Nucleic Acids Res doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx922
Letunic et al. (2020) Nucleic Acids Res doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa937

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CVNH

SMART accession number:	SM01111
Description:	In molecular biology, the CVNH domain (CyanoVirin-N Homology domain) is a conserved protein domain. It is found in the sugar-binding antiviral protein cyanovirin-N (CVN) as well as proteins from filamentous ascomycetes and in the fern Ceratopteris richardii.(PMID 16003744)
Interpro abstract (IPR011058):	Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) is an 11kDa protein from the cyanobacterium Nostoc ellipsosporum that displays virucidal activity against several viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS). The virucidal activity of CV-N is mediated through specific high-affinity interactions with the viral surface envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, as well as to high-mannose oligosaccharides found on the HIV envelope [ (PUBMED:12678493) ]. In addition, CV-N is active against rhinoviruses, human parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and enteric viruses. The virucidal activity of CV-N against influenza virus is directed towards viral haemagglutinin [ (PUBMED:12878514) ]. The CV-N domain is evolutionarily conserved and occurs as a protein module in eukaryotes [ (PUBMED:16003744) ]. CV-N has a complex fold composed of a duplication of a tandem repeat of two homologous motifs comprising three-stranded beta-sheet and beta-hairpins [ (PUBMED:12110688) ].
Family alignment:	View or CHROMA formatHMM/Web logoCLUSTALW formatMSF formatFASTA formatPIR format

There are 347 CVNH domains in 331 proteins in SMART's nrdb database.

Click on the following links for more information.

• Evolution (species in which this domain is found)

• Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing CVNH domain.

  This tree includes only several representative species. The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with CVNH domain is also avaliable.

  Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing CVNH domain in the selected taxonomic class.

• Cellular role (predicted cellular role)

• Cellular role: metabolism
  

• Literature (relevant references for this domain)

• Primary literature is listed below; Automatically-derived, secondary literature is also avaliable.

  • Percudani R, Montanini B, Ottonello S
  • The anti-HIV cyanovirin-N domain is evolutionarily conserved and occurs as aprotein module in eukaryotes.
  • Proteins. 2005; 60: 670-8
  • Display abstract

  • A novel protein family homologous to the sugar-binding antiviral proteincyanovirin-N (CVN) is described. CVN, an 11-kDa protein that, by binding to thehigh-mannose moiety of certain viral surface glycoproteins, blocks virus entryinto target cells, has thus far been identified only in the cyanobacterium Nostocellipsosporum. Here we show that CVN belongs to a protein family identified byanalysis of transcript sequences deriving from a gene expression profiling study conducted in the truffle Tuber borchii. Members of this family (namedCyanoVirin-N Homology) are found in filamentous ascomycetes and in the fernCeratopteris richardii. As revealed by 3D structure-based searches, all CVNHproteins have a predicted fold that matches the so far unique fold of thecyanobacterial polypeptide. The CVNH domain is a versatile protein module. Inferns and cyanobacteria it is found in secretory proteins. In filamentousascomycetes it is found in nonsecretory monodomain proteins as well as part ofmultidomain proteins bearing functionally related modules such as thepeptidoglycan and chitin-binding domain LysM. Transcript abundance data furtherindicate that the expression of different CVNH forms is modulated in response to nutrient availability. These findings have implications for the understanding of protein-oligosaccharide interaction in fungi and plants, and provide candidatepolypeptides to be tested and exploited as antiviral agents.

• Structure (3D structures containing this domain)

• 3D Structures of CVNH domains in PDB

  PDB code	Main view	Title
  1iiy		Solution NMR Structure of Complex of 1:2 Cyanovirin-N:Man-Alpha1,2-Man-Alpha Restrained Regularized Mean Coordinates
  1j4v		CYANOVIRIN-N
  1l5b		DOMAIN-SWAPPED CYANOVIRIN-N DIMER
  1l5e		The domain-swapped dimer of CV-N in solution
  1lom		CYANOVIRIN-N DOUBLE MUTANT P51S S52P
  1n02		Solution Structure of a Circular-Permuted Variant of the Potent HIV-inactivating Protein Cyanovirin-N
  2ezm		SOLUTION NMR STRUCTURE OF CYANOVIRIN-N, RESTRAINED REGULARIZED MEAN COORDINATES
  2ezn		SOLUTION NMR STRUCTURE OF CYANOVIRIN-N ENSEMBLE OF 40 SIMULATED ANNEALING STRUCTURES
  2jzj		Structure of CrCVNH (C. richardii CVNH)
  2jzk		Structure of TbCVNH (T. BORCHII CVNH) (CASP TARGET)
  2jzl		Structure of NcCVNH (N. CRASSA CVNH) (CASP TARGET)
  2kjl		NMR structures of a designed Cyanovirin-N homolog lectin; LKAMG
  2l2f		NMR Structure of GzCVNH (Gibberella zeae CVNH)
  2l9y		Solution structure of the MoCVNH-LysM module from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae protein (MGG_03307)
  2pys		Crystal Structure of a Five Site Mutated Cyanovirin-N with a Mannose Dimer Bound at 1.8 A Resolution
  2rdk		Five site mutated Cyanovirin-N with Mannose dimer bound
  2rp3		Solution Structure of Cyanovirin-N Domain B Mutant
  2y1s		Microvirin lectin
  2yhh		Microvirin:mannobiose complex
  2z21		Crystal Structure of a five site mutated Cyanovirin-N
  3czz		Crystal structure of Cyanovirin-N domain B mutant
  3ezm		CYANOVIRIN-N
  3gxy		Crystal structure of cyanovirin-n complexed to a synthetic hexamannoside
  3gxz		Crystal structure of cyanovirin-n complexed to oligomannose-9 (man-9)
  3hnu		Crystal structure of a designed Cyanovirin-N homolog lectin; LKAMG in P21 space group
  3hnx		Crystal structure of a designed Cyanovirin-N homolog lectin; LKAMG in P212121 space group
  3hp8		Crystal structure of a designed Cyanovirin-N homolog lectin; LKAMG, bound to sucrose
  3lhc		Crystal structure of cyanovirin-n swapping domain b mutant
  3s3y		Crystal Structure an Tandem Cyanovirin-N Dimer, CVN2L0
  3s3z		Crystal Structure an Tandem Cyanovirin-N Dimer, CVN2L10
  4j4c		Structure of P51G Cyanovirin-N swapped dimer in the P3221 space group
  4j4d		Structure of P51G Cyanovirin-N swapped dimer in the P21212 space group
  4j4e		Structure of P51G Cyanovirin-N swapped trimer in the P212121 space group
  4j4f		Structure of P51G Cyanovirin-N swapped tetramer in the P212121 space group
  4j4g		Structure of P51G Cyanovirin-N swapped tetramer in the C2 space group
  5c8o		5C8O
  5c8p		5C8P
  5c8q		5C8Q
  5k79		5K79

• Links (links to other resources describing this domain)

• INTERPRO	IPR011058
  PFAM	PF08881

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