Letunic et al. (2017) Nucleic Acids Res doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx922
Letunic et al. (2020) Nucleic Acids Res doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa937

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PhBP Insect pheromone/odorant binding protein domains.

SMART accession number:	SM00708
Description:	-
Interpro abstract (IPR006170):	The olfactory receptors of terrestrial animals exist in an aqueous environment, yet detect odorants that are primarily hydrophobic. The aqueous solubility of hydrophobic odorants is thought to be greatly enhanced via odorant binding proteins which exist in the extracellular fluid surrounding the odorant receptors [ (PUBMED:2010751) ]. This family is composed of pheromone binding proteins (PBP) and general-odorant binding proteins (GOBP). GOBPs and PBPs form a subgroup of the insect odorant binding proteins (OBPs). PBPs are male-specific and associate with pheromone-sensitive neurons [ (PUBMED:2010751) ].
GO function:	odorant binding (GO:0005549)
Family alignment:	View or CHROMA formatHMM/Web logoCLUSTALW formatMSF formatFASTA formatPIR format

There are 4306 PhBP domains in 4025 proteins in SMART's nrdb database.

Click on the following links for more information.

• Evolution (species in which this domain is found)

• Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing PhBP domain.

  This tree includes only several representative species. The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with PhBP domain is also avaliable.

  Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing PhBP domain in the selected taxonomic class.

• Literature (relevant references for this domain)

• Primary literature is listed below; Automatically-derived, secondary literature is also avaliable.

  • Du G, Prestwich GD
  • Protein structure encodes the ligand binding specificity in pheromonebinding proteins.
  • Biochemistry. 1995; 34: 8726-32
  • Display abstract

  • The ligand specificities and binding affinities of three recombinantpheromone binding proteins (PBPs) of two saturniid moths (genus Antheraea)were determined by using a novel binding assay in conjunction with twotritium-labeled constituents of the pheromone blend,[3H]-6E,11Z-hexadecadienyl acetate and [3H]-4E,9Z-tetradecadienyl acetate.The new binding assay, in which nonspecific adsorption to a plastic vesselis suppressed by presaturation of the surface with a 1-alkanol, allowsmeasurement of dissociation constants (KD) for lipophilic ligands fortheir carrier proteins. The three PBPs showed KD values for[3H]-6E,11Z-16:Ac and [3H]-4E,9Z-14:Ac between 0.6 and 30 microM, asdetermined by Scatchard analysis. Importantly, two PBPs (Aper-1 andAper-2) from one species showed opposite binding specificities for thesetwo ligands. Aper-1, like Apol-3, showed 15-fold higher affinity for6E,11Z-16:Ac than for 4E,9Z-14:Ac, while Aper-2 showed a 3.5-foldpreference for binding the shorter chain compound. In addition, for theApol-3 PBP, displacement of [3H]-6E,11Z-16:Ac binding by other pheromonecomponents or analogs showed a clear trend in relative binding affinity:6E,11Z-16:Ac > 4E,9Z-14:Ac > 6E,11Z-16:Al approximately 16:Ac >6E,11Z-16:OH > 4E,9Z-14:OH. These data clearly demonstrate a > 1000-foldrange of binding affinities among these very similar structures andunambiguously demonstrate the specificity of the PBP-pheromoneinteraction. Moreover, this assay offers the potential for determiningligand specificities for odorant binding proteins and other proteins inthe vertebrate lipocalin superfamily.

  • Prestwich GD
  • Bacterial expression and photoaffinity labeling of a pheromone bindingprotein.
  • Protein Sci. 1993; 2: 420-8
  • Display abstract

  • The first high-level production of a binding-active odorant bindingprotein is described. The expression cassette polymerase chain reactionwas used to generate a DNA fragment encoding the pheromone binding protein(PBP) of the male moth Antheraea polyphemus. Transformation of Escherichiacoli cells with a vector containing this construct generated clones which,when induced with isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, produced the14-kDa PBP in both the soluble fraction and in inclusion bodies.Purification of the soluble recombinant PBP by preparative isoelectricfocusing and gel filtration gave > 95% homogeneous protein, which wasimmunoreactive with an anti-PBP antiserum and exhibited specific,pheromone-displaceable covalent modification by the photoaffinity label[3H]6E,11Z-hexadecadienyl diazoacetate. Recombinant PBP wasindistinguishable from the insect-derived PBP, as determined by bothnative and denaturing gel electrophoresis, immunoreactivity, andphotoaffinity labeling properties. Moreover, the insoluble inclusion bodyprotein could be solubilized, refolded, and purified by the sameprocedures to give a recombinant PBP indistinguishable from the solublePBP. Proton NMR spectra of the soluble and refolded protein providefurther evidence that they possess the same folded structure.

  • Raming K, Krieger J, Breer H
  • Molecular cloning of an insect pheromone-binding protein.
  • FEBS Lett. 1989; 256: 215-8
  • Display abstract

  • Clones coding for the pheromone binding protein precursor have beenselected from a cDNA library derived from antennae of the male moth,Antheraea polyphemus. The deduced protein sequence consists of a signalpeptide of 20 amino acid residues and a mature binding protein of 142amino acid residues. RNA blot hybridization indicated that the mRNA isselectively expressed in the antennae of the male moth.

• Structure (3D structures containing this domain)

• 3D Structures of PhBP domains in PDB

  PDB code	Main view	Title
  1c3y		THP12-CARRIER PROTEIN FROM YELLOW MEAL WORM
  1c3z		THP12-CARRIER PROTEIN FROM YELLOW MEAL WORM
  1dqe		BOMBYX MORI PHEROMONE BINDING PROTEIN
  1gm0		A FORM OF THE PHEROMONE-BINDING PROTEIN FROM BOMBYX MORI
  1ls8		NMR structure of the unliganded Bombyx mori pheromone-binding protein at physiological pH
  1oof		Complex of Drosophila odorant binding protein LUSH with ethanol
  1oog		Complex of Drosophila odorant binding protein LUSH with propanol
  1ooh		Complex of Drosophila odorant binding protein LUSH with butanol
  1ooi		Crystal structure of LUSH from Drosophila melanogaster at pH 6.5
  1org		The crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from the cockroach Leucophaea maderae reveals a new mechanism of pheromone binding
  1ow4		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from the cockroach Leucophaea maderae in complex with the fluorescent reporter ANS (1-anilinonaphtalene-8-sulfonic acid),
  1p28		The crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from the cockroach Leucophaea maderae in complex with a component of the pheromonal blend: 3-hydroxy-butan-2-one.
  1qwv		Solution structure of Antheraea polyphemus pheromone binding protein (ApolPBP)
  1t14		Crystal structure of LUSH from Drosophila melanogaster: apo protein
  1tuj		Solution structure of the honey bee general odorant binding protein ASP2 in complex with trimethylsilyl-d4 propionate
  1two		NMR structure of the pheromone binding protein from Antheraea polyphemus at acidic pH
  1xfr		Solution structure of the Bombyx mori pheromone-binding protein fragment BmPBP(1-128) at pH 6.5
  2erb		AgamOBP1, and odorant binding protein from Anopheles gambiae complexed with PEG
  2fjy		Crystal Structure of B-form Bombyx mori Pheromone Binding Protein
  2gte		Drosophila OBP LUSH bound to attractant pheromone 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate
  2h8v		Structure of empty Pheromone Binding Protein ASP1 from the Honeybee Apis mellifera L
  2jpo		NMR structure of Antheraea polyphemus pheromone-binding protein 1 at pH 4.5
  2kph		NMR Structure of AtraPBP1 at pH 4.5
  2l2c		NMR Structure of mosquito odorant binding protein bound to MOP pheromone
  2p70		Bombyx mori pheromone binding protein bound to bell pepper odorant
  2p71		Bombyx mori pheromone binding protein bound to iodohexadecane
  2pql		Crystal Structure of Anopheles gambiae D7R4-tryptamine complex
  2qdi		Drosophila OBP LUSH D118A mutation
  2qeb		Crystal Structure of Anopheles Gambiae D7R4-Histamine Complex
  2qeh		Crystal Structure of Anopheles gambiae D7r4-serotonin complex
  2qeo		Crystal Structure of Anopheles gambiae D7R4-norepinephrine complex
  2qev		Crystal Structure of Anopheles gambiae D7r4
  2wc5		Structure of BMori GOBP2 (General Odorant Binding Protein 2)
  2wc6		Structure of BMori GOBP2 (General Odorant Binding Protein 2) with bombykol and water to Arg 110
  2wch		Structure of BMori GOBP2 (General Odorant Binding Protein 2) with bombykal
  2wcj		Structure of BMori GOBP2 (General Odorant Binding Protein 2) with ( 10E,12Z)-tetradecadien-1-ol
  2wck		Structure of BMori GOBP2 (General Odorant Binding Protein 2) without ligand
  2wcl		Structure of BMori GOBP2 (General Odorant Binding Protein 2) with (8E, 10Z)-hexadecadien-1-ol
  2wcm		Structure of BMori GOBP2 (General Odorant Binding Protein 2) with ( 10E)-hexadecen-12-yn-1-ol
  3b6x		Complex of S52A Substituted Drosophila LUSH protein with Butanol
  3b7a		Complex of S52A Substituted Droposphila LUSH protein with Ethanol
  3b86		Crystal structure of T57S substituted LUSH protein complexed with ethanol
  3b87		Complex of T57A Substituted Droposphila LUSH protein with Butanol
  3b88		Complex of T57A Substituted Drosophila LUSH Protein with Ethanol
  3bfa		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera in complex with the Queen mandibular pheromone
  3bfb		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera in complex with the 9-keto-2(E)-decenoic acid
  3bfh		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera in complex with hexadecanoic acid
  3bjh		Soft-SAD crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from the honeybee Apis mellifera L.
  3cab		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera soaked at pH 7.0
  3cdn		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera soaked at pH 4.0
  3cyz		Dimeric crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera in complex with 9-keto-2(E)-decenoic acid at pH 7.0
  3cz0		Dimeric crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera in complex with the n-butyl benzene sulfonamide at pH 7.0
  3cz1		Dimeric crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera in complex with the n-butyl benzene sulfonamide at pH 7.0
  3cz2		Dimeric crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera at pH 7.0
  3d73		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein mutant D35A, from Apis mellifera, at pH 7.0
  3d74		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein mutant D35A, from Apis mellifera, soaked at pH 5.5
  3d75		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein mutant D35N, from Apis mellifera, at pH 5.5
  3d76		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein mutant D35N, from Apis mellifera, soaked at pH 7.0
  3d77		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein mutant D35N, from Apis mellifera, soaked at pH 4.0
  3d78		Dimeric crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein mutant D35N, from apis mellifera, at pH 7.0
  3dxl		Crystal structure of AeD7 from Aedes Aegypti
  3dy9		Crystal structure of AeD7 potassium bromide soak
  3dye		Crystal structure of AED7-norepineprhine complex
  3dzt		AeD7-leukotriene E4 complex
  3fe6		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera with a serendipitous ligand at pH 5.5
  3fe8		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera with a serendipitous ligand soaked at pH 4.0
  3fe9		Crystal structure of a pheromone binding protein from Apis mellifera with a serendipitous ligand soaked at pH 7.0
  3k1e		Crystal structure of odorant binding protein 1 (AaegOBP1) from Aedes aegypti
  3l47		Crystal Structure of the Anopheles gambiae Odorant-binding Protein 22a
  3l4a		Crystal Structure of an Anopheles gambiae Odorant-binding Protein 22a
  3l4l		Crystal Structure of an Anopheles gambiae Odorant-binding Protein AgamOBP22a with Bound Odorant Benzaldehyde
  3n7h		Crystal structure of Odorant Binding Protein 1 from Anopheles gambiae (AgamOBP1) with DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide) and PEG
  3ngv		Crystal structure of AnSt-D7L1
  3nhi		Crystal structure of the AnSt-D7L1-leukotriene C4 complex
  3nht		Crystal structure of the AnSt-D7L1-U46619 complex
  3ogn		Crystal Structure of an Odorant-binding Protein from the Southern House Mosquito Complexed with an Oviposition Pheromone
  3pji		Crystal structure of AgamOBP22a at 1.7 angstrom in the open status for ligand binding.
  3q8i		Crystal structure of Anopheles Gambiae odorant binding protein 4 in complex with indole
  3qme		Crystal Structure of an Anopheles gambiae Odorant-binding Protein AgamOBP22a with Bound Odorant Cyclohexanone
  3r1o		Odorant Binding Protein 7 from Anopheles gambiae with Four Disulfide Bridges
  3r1p		Odorant Binding Protein 7 from Anopheles gambiae with Four Disulfide Bridges, form P1
  3r1v		Odorant Binding Protein 7 from Anopheles gambiae with Four Disulfide Bridges, in complex with an azo compound
  3r72		Apis mellifera odorant binding protein 5
  3rzs		Apis mellifera OBP14 in complex with Ta6Br14
  3s0a		Apis mellifera OBP14, native apo-protein
  3s0b		Apis mellifera OBP14 in complex with the fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN)
  3s0d		Apis mellifera OBP 14 in complex with the citrus odorant citralva (3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienenitrile)
  3s0e		Apis mellifera OBP14 in complex with the odorant eugenol (2-methoxy-4(2-propenyl)-phenol)
  3s0f		Apis mellifera OBP14 native apo, crystal form 2
  3s0g		Apis mellifera OBP 14 double mutant Gln44Cys, His97Cys
  3v2l		Structure of Anopheles gambiae odorant binding protein 20 bound to polyethylene glycol
  3vb1		Crystal Structure of Anopholes gambiae odorant binding protein 20 in open state
  4f7f		Structure of Anopheles gambiae odorant binding protein 20
  4fqt		Structure of AgamOBP1 Bound to 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one
  4inw		Structure of Pheromone-binding protein 1 in complex with (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadienal
  4inx		Structure of Pheromone-binding protein 1 in complex with (Z,Z)-11,13- hexadecadienol
  4pt1		4PT1
  4z39		4Z39
  4z45		4Z45
  5dic		5DIC
  5el2		5EL2

• Links (links to other resources describing this domain)

• INTERPRO	IPR006170

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