NORMAL GENOMIC

• Han CH, Zhang GQ, Wang HX, Ng TB
• Schizolysin, a hemolysin from the split gill mushroom Schizophyllumcommune.
• FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2010; 309: 115-21
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• Abstract A monomeric hemolysin with a molecular mass of 29 kDa wasisolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the split gill mushroomSchizophyllum commune. The hemolysin was purified by successive adsorptionon DEAE-cellulose, carboxymethyl-cellulose and Q-Sepharose and finally gelfiltration on Superdex 75. This demonstrated the N-terminal sequenceATNYNKCPGA, different from those of previously reported fungal andbacterial hemolysins. The hemolysin was stable up to 40 degrees C. Onlypartial activity remained at 50 and 60 degrees C. Activity wasindiscernible at 70 degrees C. A pH of 6.0 was optimal for activity. Thehemolytic activity was most potently inhibited by dithiothreitol, sucroseand raffinose, followed by cellobiose, maltose, rhamnose, inulin, lactose,fructose and inositol. The metal ions Cu(2+), Mg(2+), Zn(2+), Al(3+) andFe(3+) significantly, and Pb(2+) to a lesser extent, curtailed theactivity of the hemolysin. The hemolysin inhibited HIV-1 reversetranscriptase with an IC(50) of 1.8 microM.

• Luo Y, Ullrich RC, Novotny CP
• Only one of the paired Schizophyllum commune A alpha mating-type, putativehomeobox genes encodes a homeodomain essential for A alpha-regulateddevelopment.
• Mol Gen Genet. 1994; 244: 318-24
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• The A alpha mating-type locus is one of four master regulatory locicontrolling sexual development in Schizophyllum commune. The A alpha locuscontains two homeobox genes, Y and Z, encoding two homeodomain-relatedproteins, Y and Z. Y and Z are each multiallelic genes. When haploidstrains form fusion cells, only particular combinations of Y and Z allelesactivate A alpha-regulated sexual development. The role of the putativehomeodomain was examined in several Y and Z alleles by site-directedmutagenesis of regions critical to secondary structure and function ofhomeodomains. Mutations of the Z homeobox do not affect the function of Zproteins in A alpha-activated development, but mutations of Y homeoboxesdestroy the ability of Y proteins to activate development. We concludethat only one of two A alpha homeodomain-related regulators relies uponthe homeodomain motif to effect gene expression in sexual development.This conclusion affords a refinement of our working hypothesis for themechanism by which A alpha proteins may regulate target gene expression.On the basis of our results with the Z protein, we speculate that theDNA-binding motifs of some transcriptional regulators may be lost ormodified during evolution once these regulators have been recruited toparticipate in complexes with other DNA-binding proteins.

• Penttila M, Lehtovaara P, Nevalainen H, Bhikhabhai R, Knowles J
• Homology between cellulase genes of Trichoderma reesei: completenucleotide sequence of the endoglucanase I gene.
• Gene. 1986; 45: 253-63
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• The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei produces several endoglucanases(EG) and cellobiohydrolases (CBH) which are involved in cellulosehydrolysis in a complex synergistic manner. We have cloned and sequencedthe gene and the full-length cDNA coding for the major endoglucanase EG-I,and compared this to the cbh1 gene sequence to clarify the relationshipbetween the EG and CBH classes of cellulases. The deduced 437-amino acids(aa) long EG-I protein with a 22-aa long signal peptide is 45% identicalin aa sequence with CBH-I. The best conserved region is found at the Cterminus and shows about 70% homology. The data suggest that the twoenzymes have arisen from a common ancestor by gene duplication. Despitethis, the intron positions have not been conserved in these genes whichboth contain two short introns. The deduced EG-I sequence contains sixputative N-glycosylation sites, and a putative O-glycosylated region isfound near the C terminus, closely resembling a similar region at the Cterminus of CBH-I. Comparison of the aa sequences suggests that theevolutionary divergence of EG-I from CBH-I has involved four separate10-20 aa "deletions" from the ancestral protein.

• Dubovoy C
• A Class of Genes Affecting B Factor-Regulated Development in SCHIZOPHYLLUMCOMMUNE.
• Genetics. 1976; 82: 423-8
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• Twelve mutations affecting nuclear migration, a major developmental phasein Schizophyllum commune, display a complex pattern of complementation andrecombination. They are expressed only when a genetic factor controllingthis phase of development, the B incompatibility factor, is operative. Alltwelve mutations are linked to the B factor, nine in a cluster and threein distinct loci outside the cluster. A linear map cannot be constructedfrom the frequency of recombination. Complementation maps are not linear.There is little correlation between the complementation groups and thegroups based on recombination. Many pairs of mutations that do notcomplement recombine with frequencies of 1.1% to 26.9%. The genesrepresented by the twelve mutations are located in a linked group of about18 known genes involved in the specific phase of development controlled bythe B factor.